Bathtub Selection: What Should You Consider?

Bathtubs stand as essential fixtures in modern homes, blending practicality with luxury and relaxation. This detailed guide dives into their rich history, explores the materials and designs that shape them, and highlights cutting-edge trends driving their evolution. Whether you plan a bathroom renovation or seek to understand this household staple, this post delivers comprehensive, actionable insights to help you choose the perfect bathtub.

Table of Content

Bathtub Selection: What Should You Consider?

A Brief History of Bathtubs
Materials Used in Bathtub Construction
Types and Designs of Bathtubs
Modern Trends and Innovations in Bathtub Design
Practical Information: Installation, Maintenance, and Costs
Common Bathtub Problems and Solutions
Health and Wellness Benefits of Bathtubs
Environmental Considerations
What Faucet Goes with a Bathtub?
Conclusion
FAQs

A Brief History of Bathtubs

Bathtubs trace their roots back thousands of years, reflecting cultural shifts and technological advancements.

Ancient Beginnings

Around 1700 BCE, the Minoans of Crete crafted the earliest known bathtub from terracotta in King Minos’ palace. Shaped like today’s clawfoot tubs, it underscores bathing’s importance in their society. Ancient Egyptians reserved stone or metal tubs for the elite, using them for hygiene and rituals. The Greeks refined bathing practices, while the Romans turned it into a social event with grand public bathhouses.

Middle Ages to Modernity

In medieval Europe, bathing declined amid disease fears, but the Renaissance revived interest. By the 19th century, portable tin and zinc tubs brought bathing indoors. Indoor plumbing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries cemented bathtubs as household essentials.

Today, bathtubs range from basic models to luxurious spa-inspired designs, reflecting their journey from rarity to everyday necessity.

Materials Used in Bathtub Construction

The material you choose impacts a bathtub’s durability, look, and price. Explore these common options:

Acrylic

How It’s Made: As I know, manufacturers produce acrylic bathtubs by heating solid acrylic sheets until they become pliable. They then vacuum-form these sheets over a mold that gives the tub its shape. After forming, workers reinforce the acrylic shell with layers of fiberglass and resin to add structural integrity and strength. Finally, the tub cures, and then it’s trimmed, sanded, and polished to achieve a smooth, glossy finish.

Characteristics: Acrylic is wonderfully versatile. It’s non-porous, lightweight, and warm to the touch. You’ll find it in an incredibly diverse range of shapes, sizes, and colors, making design possibilities almost endless.

Pros:

Lightweight: This makes acrylic tubs easy to transport and install, often not requiring floor reinforcement.
Excellent Heat Retention: It holds heat well, so your bath water stays warm for longer, perfect for a leisurely soak.
Versatile Design: Because it’s moldable, you get fantastic flexibility in shapes and sizes, fitting various bathroom layouts.
Easy to Clean: The non-porous surface resists mildew and grime, making maintenance a breeze.
Affordable: Generally, acrylic tubs offer a great balance of features and cost, making them a popular choice.

Cons:

Scratch Prone: Acrylic surfaces can scratch if you’re not careful, though many minor scratches are repairable.
Less Rigid: Compared to cast iron or steel, acrylic can feel slightly less solid or robust.
Potential for Discoloration: If not properly UV-stabilized, some cheaper acrylics might yellow slightly over many years.

Fiberglass

How It’s Made: Fiberglass bathtubs begin by spraying a gel coat onto a mold to create the surface finish. Then, workers spray layers of chopped glass fibers mixed with polyester resin over the gel coat. This builds up the tub’s structure. Once cured, the tub is removed from the mold and finished.

Characteristics: Fiberglass is the most budget-friendly and lightest option available. It tends to be thinner and more flexible than other materials.

Pros:

Most Affordable: If budget is your primary concern, fiberglass offers the lowest entry price point.
Extremely Lightweight: Its lightness makes it very easy to move and install.

Cons:

Less Durable: I’ve seen that fiberglass is more prone to scratching, cracking, and fading over time compared to other materials.
Poor Heat Retention: It loses heat quickly, so your bath water won’t stay warm for very long.
Can Feel Flimsy: Because it’s so lightweight and flexible, it might not feel as solid or luxurious as other options.
Shorter Lifespan: Its susceptibility to wear and tear generally means a shorter usable lifespan.

Enameled Cast Iron

How It’s Made: The process for enameled cast iron involves melting raw iron ore and scrap metal in high-temperature furnaces. Workers then pour this molten iron into sand molds, which form the precise shape of the bathtub. After the iron cools and solidifies, the raw casting undergoes meticulous deburring and grinding. Finally, manufacturers apply a vitreous enamel coating, a glass-like material, and fire the tub at extreme temperatures. This firing fuses the enamel to the iron, creating that signature glossy, durable, and easily cleanable surface.

Characteristics: This material is incredibly heavy and durable, boasting a classic, timeless aesthetic. It retains heat exceptionally well, making it ideal for long, warm soaks. Its surface is notoriously hard and chip-resistant.

Pros:

Exceptional Durability: Cast iron tubs can last for decades, often outliving the home itself.
Superior Heat Retention: Its density means it holds heat wonderfully, keeping your bath water hot for extended periods.
Classic Aesthetic: It offers a timeless, luxurious, and solid feel that’s hard to replicate.
Chip Resistant: The vitreous enamel is very tough, resisting chips and scratches well.

Cons:

Very Heavy: This is its biggest drawback. It often requires floor reinforcement, especially in older homes, and makes installation challenging.
Higher Cost: The manufacturing process and material density make it one of the more expensive options.
Limited Design: Due to its weight and casting process, you’ll find fewer shapes and color options compared to acrylic or stone resin.

Enameled Steel

How It’s Made: Manufacturers start by stamping steel sheets into the desired bathtub shape. Once formed, they coat the steel shell with a porcelain enamel finish. This coating then gets fired at high temperatures, permanently bonding it to the steel. The enamel creates a hard, durable, and glossy surface.

Characteristics: Enameled steel is lighter than cast iron but heavier and more rigid than acrylic or fiberglass. It balances durability with affordability quite well.

Pros:

Good Durability: It’s quite resistant to chips, scratches, and stains thanks to the enamel coating.
Cost-Effective: It generally offers a more durable solution than acrylic or fiberglass without the high cost and weight of cast iron.
Lighter than Cast Iron: This makes installation easier and often doesn’t require floor reinforcement.

Cons:

Loses Heat Faster: Compared to cast iron or acrylic, enameled steel conducts heat away from the water more quickly, making it less ideal for very long, hot soaks.
Noisy When Filling: The thin steel can amplify the sound of filling water, which might be a consideration for some.
Can Chip: While durable, a direct, heavy impact can cause the enamel to chip, revealing the steel underneath.

Stone Resin

How It’s Made: As I understand it, stone resin bathtubs are created by blending natural minerals (like aluminum hydroxide, which is derived from bauxite) with high-performance resins, such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Manufacturers precisely mix these components and pour them into custom molds. To ensure a solid, void-free product and eliminate air bubbles, they often vibrate the molds during the casting process. After curing, the tubs undergo meticulous sanding and polishing to achieve a smooth, seamless finish, which can be matte or glossy depending on the design.

Characteristics: This premium material delivers a truly luxurious feel and appearance. It’s solid, non-porous, and boasts exceptional heat retention. Stone resin allows for sleek, modern designs with clean lines and often a smooth, almost velvety finish.

Pros:

Premium Look and Feel: Stone resin bathtubs exude luxury, offering a high-end, contemporary aesthetic.
Superior Heat Retention: Similar to cast iron, it holds heat exceptionally well, ensuring long, warm baths.
Exceptional Durability: Being a solid, homogeneous material, it’s highly resistant to scratches and stains.
Repairable Surface: Unlike enamel, minor scratches or chips in stone resin can often be sanded and polished out, restoring its original look.
Versatile Designs: The casting process allows for incredibly intricate and unique shapes, including very thin rims and integrated overflows.

Cons:

Expensive: Stone resin is typically one of the most costly bathtub materials due to its raw materials and manufacturing process.
Very Heavy: Similar to cast iron, its density means it can be very heavy, often requiring floor reinforcement during installation.
Potential for Staining: While non-porous, some harsh chemicals or prolonged exposure to certain dyes can potentially stain the surface if not cleaned promptly.

Wood Material

Characteristics: Wood material is crafted from multiple selected, precisely joined timber planks, resulting in a robust structure. Its exterior is tightly bound by sturdy iron hoops, which not only further enhance overall stability but also add a unique industrial aesthetic.

Pros:

Excellent Insulation: Wood inherently possesses superior natural insulating properties, effectively maintaining internal temperatures. Whether used for storage or as a container, it provides excellent thermal retention.
Natural Beauty: The natural grain and color of the wood lend it a unique, inherent beauty. Coupled with the external iron hoops, it presents a rustic and vintage style that blends well with various decorative environments.

Cons:

Higher Cost: Due to the meticulous material selection and relatively complex manufacturing process, this joined timber barrel material comes at a higher cost, making it relatively expensive.
Requires Maintenance: To preserve the wood’s condition and extend its lifespan, this material requires regular cleaning and maintenance, such as moisture-proofing and anti-corrosion treatments, to prevent cracking or warping.

Select a material based on your budget, style, and maintenance preferences to ensure lasting satisfaction.

Comparison of Common Bathtub Materials – A Quick Guide for Buyers

Feature	Acrylic	Fiberglass	Enameled Cast Iron	Winner
Weight	50 to 180 lbs, lightweight	50 to 100 lbs, lightweight	250 to 500 lbs, heavy	Acrylic (balance of weight and sturdiness)
Appearance	Variety of colors, shapes, and finishes; smooth and polished	Matte or semi-gloss, less refined, may fade over time	Classic look with porcelain enamel coating, often clawfoot or freestanding	Acrylic (versatile), Enameled Cast Iron (luxurious)
Durability	Durable, crack and chip resistant, though not as sturdy as cast iron	Least durable, prone to cracking, scratching, and fading	Most durable, enamel resists wear and tear	Enameled Cast Iron (best durability), Acrylic (long-lasting)
Maintenance	Low maintenance, resistant to mold, mildew, and stains	Requires frequent cleaning, may dull over time	Lowest maintenance, though damaged enamel is hard to clean	Acrylic (easiest to maintain)
Heat Retention	Good heat retention, provides comfort	Poor heat retention, water cools quickly	Excellent heat retention, great for long soaks	Enameled Cast Iron (best heat retention)
Cost	$300–$1,200, mid-range	$150–$500, most budget-friendly	$900–$3,000, expensive	Acrylic (best value), Fiberglass (most affordable)

Types and Designs of Bathtubs

Bathtubs vary widely in style and function, catering to diverse spaces and needs. Below, we classify them by shape, function, and installation method for a comprehensive understanding.

By Shape

Square Bathtubs: Featuring clean, straight lines, these suit modern bathroom aesthetics and are often used in built-in installations.

Oval Bathtubs: With soft, curved edges, they offer a comfortable soaking experience and are popular in freestanding designs.

Clawfoot Bathtubs: Featuring ornate feet, typically made of cast iron or brass, these freestanding tubs exude vintage elegance and are ideal for classic or luxurious bathrooms.

Round Bathtubs: Space-efficient with a luxurious feel, these are ideal for larger bathrooms and frequently include whirlpool features.

Corner (Fan-Shaped) Bathtubs: Designed to fit snugly into corners, they maximize space in smaller bathrooms.

Heart-Shaped Bathtubs: A romantic option for couples, these often come with whirlpool jets for added indulgence.

By Function

Standard Bathtubs: Simple and practical, these meet everyday bathing and relaxation needs.

Walk-In (Accessible) Bathtubs: Built for those with limited mobility, they feature low thresholds, grab bars, and seats for safety and ease of use.

Whirlpool (Massage) Bathtubs: Equipped with water or air jets, these provide a spa-like experience, enhancing relaxation and hydrotherapy benefits.

By Installation Method

Freestanding Bathtubs:

- Pros: Install easily without wall or floor modifications, offering flexibility to move or relocate. Their diverse shapes (e.g., clawfoot, slipper) and materials enhance decorative appeal. Maintenance is straightforward, as you can access all sides.
- Cons: Require significant space (at least 2m x 2m) for comfort, making them less suitable for small bathrooms. Stability may need reinforcement with adhesive bases. They lack nearby surfaces for toiletries, and stepping in can challenge elderly or young users. Cleaning under and around the tub may create hygiene blind spots.

Alcove (Embedded) Bathtubs:

- Pros: Save space by fitting into walls or floors, ideal for small bathrooms. Their seamless integration creates a modern, cohesive look. High stability ensures safety, and cleaning is simple with fewer hidden areas.
- Cons: Installation is complex, requiring structural modifications for weight, waterproofing, and drainage. Repairs may involve removing the tub or surrounding structures. Fixed positioning limits layout flexibility, and wall or floor joints can harbor dirt.

Skirted Bathtubs:

- Pros: Install easily without extensive structural support, as the skirt conceals plumbing and adds a finished look. The skirt prevents water spillage, keeping the bathroom dry and reducing waste.
- Cons: Skirt interiors can trap dirt, requiring regular cleaning. Repairs, like fixing leaks or seals, are tricky due to restricted access. Fixed placement and larger footprint make them less ideal for compact spaces.

Standard sizes span 5 to 6 feet long and 30 to 48 inches wide, but custom options offer endless variety.

Modern Trends and Innovations in Bathtub Design

Bathtub design evolves with technology and consumer demands. Check out these exciting trends:

Smart Bathtubs: Control temperature, lighting, or music with voice commands or apps. Some preheat water for instant comfort.
Modular Designs: Customize shape, size, and features to match your bathroom’s layout and your personal taste.
Sustainable Materials»: Opt for tubs made from recycled acrylic, bamboo, or reclaimed wood to reduce environmental impact without sacrificing style.
Minimalist Looks: Clean lines and neutral tones create spa-like vibes, aligning with modern aesthetics.

These advancements enhance functionality and appeal to eco-conscious and tech-savvy homeowners.

Practical Information: Installation, Maintenance, and Costs

Installing and maintaining a bathtub requires careful planning. Here’s what you need to know:

Installation: Prepare the space, connect plumbing, and secure the tub. Alcove models may need tiling or surrounds. Hire professionals to avoid leaks and ensure a perfect fit.

- Drainage and Plumbing: Proper drainage is critical during installation. The bathtub’s drain must align with the home’s main plumbing system, requiring compatible drainpipe size and positioning. Consult a licensed plumber to ensure a smooth, leak-free setup.
- Weight and Second-Floor Support: Bathtub weight varies significantly by material—cast iron tubs can weigh hundreds of pounds, while acrylic models are much lighter. For second-floor installations, evaluate the floor’s structural capacity. A structural engineer can confirm whether reinforcement is needed to support the tub, water, and user weight.
Maintenance: Clean regularly with non-abrasive products to prevent mold and scum. Avoid harsh chemicals on acrylic or fiberglass to preserve the finish.
Costs: Prices range from $200 for basic alcove tubs to over $5,000 for freestanding or whirlpool models. Installation adds $500 to $1,500, depending on complexity.

Invest time and care to keep your bathtub functional and beautiful for decades.

Common Bathtub Problems and Solutions

Bathtubs can develop issues over time, but most are fixable with the right approach. Here are common problems and their solutions:

Problem	Cause	Solution
Yellowing or Mold (on acrylic bathtubs)	Prolonged moisture or improper cleaning	Soak in water-vinegar solution for hours or use vinegar-soaked cloths; or apply vinegar-baking soda paste, scrub, and rinse.
Surface Scratches	Hard objects or long-term wear	Apply toothpaste or repair agent. Lightly sand minor scratches and apply repair agent. Deep scratches may require professional repair.
Cracks or Damage	Long-term use or external impact	Fill small cracks with waterproof sealant. Larger cracks may need professional repair or bathtub replacement.
Leaks	Aging sealant, loose connections, or damaged pipes	Replace old sealant, tighten connections with a screwdriver, or replace damaged drainpipes.
Clogs»	Hair, soap scum, or debris in the drain	Use drain cleaner as directed, or a wire tool for severe clogs. Clean regularly to prevent buildup.
Odors	Bacterial growth from persistent moisture	Disinfect with a bathtub-safe cleaner and ensure proper ventilation to keep the tub dry.

Health and Wellness Benefits of Bathtubs

Bathtubs offer more than cleanliness—they boost well-being.

Relaxation: A warm soak eases muscle tension, reduces stress, and improves sleep. Water’s buoyancy relieves joint pressure.
Hydrotherapy: Jets in whirlpool or air baths enhance circulation and soothe pain, aiding conditions like arthritis.
Mental Health: Studies link regular bathing to lower anxiety and depression, uplifting mood and focus.

Incorporate bathing into your routine for physical and emotional health gains.

Environmental Considerations

Sustainability shapes modern bathtub options. Explore these eco-friendly features:

Water-Saving Designs: Shallower or smaller tubs cut water use while maintaining comfort.
Eco-Friendly Materials: Choose recycled or renewable resources like natural stone or bamboo for a greener footprint.
Energy Efficiency: Heat-retaining materials or built-in heaters reduce energy demands for hot water.

These choices support the planet and can lower utility bills over time.

What Faucet Goes with a Bathtub?

Freestanding bath filler taps – Ideal for standalone tubs, offering style and flexibility.

Modern floor mount tub filler with lever handle – SF500
Matte white freestanding bath faucet with hand shower – SF295
Modern square freestanding bath faucet with hand shower- SF297
Classic freestanding bath faucet with phone type hand shower- SF296
Modern push button freestanding bath faucet – SF289
Brushed gold freestanding bath faucet with hand shower – SF294
Thermostatic freestanding bath faucet – SF572C
Waterfall freestanding bath faucet – SF282A

Tub spouts – Great for built-in tubs, providing a clean, wall-mounted look.

Brushed nickel tub filler with diverter – C130 01
Brushed gold wall mounted tub spout with diverter – C129 01
Matte black roman tub spout with diverter – C122 02
Brass material swivel spout tub filler – C121 02
Tub spout with front diverter – C117 01
Stainless steel bath filler spout – C116 02
Stainless steel wall mount tub filler spout – C115 02
Round type long reach wall mount tub faucet – C114 02

Conclusion

Bathtubs have transformed from ancient luxuries to modern essentials, offering style, comfort, and health benefits. From freestanding classics to smart, sustainable designs, options abound to fit every home and lifestyle. Armed with this guide’s insights on history, materials, and trends, you can confidently select a bathtub that elevates your bathroom.